Dental decay is a common disease in IRAN. One way to help prevent this disease from occurring is through the use of fluoride.

Fluoride helps harden the tooth enamel and make it more resistant to tooth decay. A small cavity can be stopped and even reversed by the remineralization process enhanced by fluoride.

Fluoride can be delivered to the teeth in 2 ways; topically (direct contact on the teeth) and systemically (enters the blood stream).
 
                                                         

Systemic Fluoride

Systemic fluoride is delivered to the tooth surface via the bloodstream. Systemic fluoride can be derived from a food source, water source, or dietary supplements ( pill, tablet, lozenge, drop ). Fluoridated water is an effective way to reduce the problem of dental decay.

It has been shown that fluoridated water and dietary supplements can reduce up to 60 % of tooth decay.

Some water supplies already naturally contain fluoride, for others, fluoride is intentionally added to the water supply. Some communities have no fluoride in their water. Other communities are unaware of this option.

If you would like to know if your community's water supply contains fluoride, call your local water or health department.

Children from birth to 14 years of age will benefit the most from systemic fluoride. This is because when fluoride is ingested, it circulates through the bloodstream and into developing teeth. The fluoride is then built into the enamel structure of the developing tooth, making the tooth more resistant to acids.

Topical Fluoride

Even though the benefits of fluoride are maximized before the teeth erupt (come in), fluoride is still very beneficial for children and adults after the teeth are fully erupted.

Topical fluorides are applied directly to the tooth structure to delay or slow down the tooth decay process.

Topical forms of fluoride include:

• toothpaste - used daily, must have an ADA or CDA Seal of Acceptance on the label

• professional fluoride application - this is a gel that is applied for 1 to 4 minutes, usually in a tray at the end of a dental appointment. Not everyone is given a professional fluoride application, it depends on your oral health needs.

• fluoridated home mouthrinses - can be purchased over-the-counter for children over 6 years of age, and adults who are susceptible to cavities.

• home care fluoride gels - applied by trays or by brush, these gels are for those who are highly susceptible to cavities. These people would include;

-adults with a high incidence of root cavities

-those who experience an extremely dry mouth

-people who wear braces or orthodontic appliances

-those who have rampant or excessive cavities

Fluoride gels can be bought over-the-counter or by prescription.

Seek the advice of your dental hygienist or dentist for a daily home fluoride program that is individualized for your needs.

        Fluoride Safety

• Fluoride is very effective in controlling dental decay when used properly. If not used in the proper doses, fluoride toxicity and dental fluorosis can occur.

• Fluoride toxicity is when large amounts of fluoride are ingested during a short period of time. This can be dangerous to your health.

Symptoms may include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, increased salivation or increased thirst.

These symptoms would begin 30 minutes after ingestion and can last up to 24 hours.

Depending on how much of a toxic overdose of fluoride is ingested, certain emergency procedures should be implemented. If you feel nausea, drink milk, or try to induce vomiting, and call your dental office or medical doctor. If these symptoms do not subside, or the conditions worsen ( hard to breath), call an emergency service to transport you to the hospital.

• Dental fluorosis - is an excess of fluoride intake during the stages of tooth development. Dental fluorosis ranges from mild (white specks on teeth) to severe (brown staining and pitting of enamel).

• To ensure your child does not have any adverse effects from fluoride, you can follow some basic rules;

fluoridated products should not be swallowed

only a small amount of toothpaste, such as the size of a small pea is needed for a child

fluoridated products, especially mouthrinses should not be given to a child under 6 years of age, or to anyone who cannot rinse ( those you suspect are swallowing some of the product)

keep fluoridated products out of reach of children

parental supervision is needed for children when brushing or using any fluoridated substances

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